BeanCreationException: Error creating bean

CRUD 구현하기 위해 DAO 테스트를 작성하고, JUnit 테스트를 수행하니 다음과 같은 에러가 발생하였다.

ERROR: org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager
- Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener
[org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@100fc185]
to prepare test instance [com.almom.test.BoardDAOTest@7bd7d6d6]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

그리고 ..

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name
'org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler#0': Invocation of init method failed;
nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: WebApplicationObjectSupport instance
[ResourceHttpRequestHandler [locations=[class path resource [resources/]],
resolvers=[org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.PathResourceResolver@3de8f619]]]
does not run in a WebApplicationContext but in: org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@3c0ecd4b:
startup date [Mon Nov 27 14:52:58 KST 2017];
root of context hierarchy
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1628)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:555)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:483)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:306)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:230)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:302)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:197)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:761)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:866)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:542)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:108)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:251)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:98)
    at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:116)
    ... 25 more
 
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: WebApplicationObjectSupport instance [ResourceHttpRequestHandler [locations=[class path resource [resources/]], resolvers=[org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.PathResourceResolver@3de8f619]]] does not run in a WebApplicationContext but in: org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@3c0ecd4b: startup date [Mon Nov 27 14:52:58 KST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
    at org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationObjectSupport.getWebApplicationContext(WebApplicationObjectSupport.java:112)
    at org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationObjectSupport.getServletContext(WebApplicationObjectSupport.java:128)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler.initContentNegotiationStrategy(ResourceHttpRequestHandler.java:306)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler.afterPropertiesSet(ResourceHttpRequestHandler.java:268)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1687)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1624)
    ... 40 more
INFO : org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loading XML bean definitions from file [/Users/USER/Documents/workspace/Project/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/servlet-context.xml]
INFO : org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader - Loading XML bean definitions from file [/Users/USER/Documents/workspace/Project/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/spring/root-context.xml]
INFO : org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext - Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@f1da57d: startup date [Mon Nov 27 14:52:59 KST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
INFO : org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor - JSR-330 'javax.inject.Inject' annotation found and supported for autowiring
INFO : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping - Mapped "{[/],methods=[GET]}" onto public java.lang.String org.zerock.controller.HomeController.home(java.util.Locale,org.springframework.ui.Model)
INFO : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter - Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@f1da57d: startup date [Mon Nov 27 14:52:59 KST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
INFO : org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter - Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@f1da57d: startup date [Mon Nov 27 14:52:59 KST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
WARN : org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext - Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler#0': Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: WebApplicationObjectSupport instance [ResourceHttpRequestHandler [locations=[class path resource [resources/]], resolvers=[org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.PathResourceResolver@508dec2b]]] does not run in a WebApplicationContext but in: org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext@f1da57d: startup date [Mon Nov 27 14:52:59 KST 2017]; root of context hierarchy

Bean 생성이 안되는 문제였다.